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type Output Example
c Character a
d or i Signed decimal integer 392
e Scientific notation (mantise/exponent) using e character 3.9265e2
E Scientific notation (mantise/exponent) using E character 3.9265E2
f Decimal floating point 392.65
g Use shorter %e or %f 392.65
G Use shorter %E or %f 392.65
o Signed octal 610
s String of characters sample
u Unsigned decimal integer 7235
x Unsigned hexadecimal integer 7fa
X Unsigned hexadecimal integer (capital letters) 7FA
p Address pointed by the argument B800:0000
n Nothing printed. The argument must be a pointer to integer where the number of characters written so far will be stored.
flags meaning
- Left align within the given width. (right align is the default).
+ Forces to preceed the result with a sign (+ or -) if signed type. (by default only - (minus) is printed).
blank If the argument is a positive signed value, a blank is inserted before the number.
# Used with o, x or X type the value is preceeded with 0, 0x or 0X respectively if non-zero.
Used with e, E or f forces the output value to contain a decimal point even if only zeros follow.
Used with g or G the result is the same as e or E but trailing zeros are not removed.
width meaning
number Minimum number of characters to be printed. If the value to be printed is shorter than this number the result is padded with blanks. The value is never truncated even if the result is larger.
0number Same as above but filled with 0s instead of blanks.
* The width is not specified in the format string, it is specified by an integer value preceding the argument thas has to be formatted.
.precision meaning
.number for d, i, o, u, x, X types: precision specifies the minimum number of decimal digits to be printed. If the value to be printed is shorter than this number the result is padded with blanks. The value is never truncated even if the result is larger.(if nothing specified default is 1).
for e, E, f types: number of digits to be printed after the decimal point. (if nothing specified default is 6).
for g, G types : maximum number of significant numbers to be printed.
for s type: maximum number of characters to be printed. (default is to print until first null character is encountered).
for c type : (no effect).
modifier meaning (affects on how arguments are interpreted by the function)
h argument is interpreted as short int (integer types).
l argument is interpreted as long int (interger types) or double (floating point types).
L argument is interpreted as long double (floating point types).
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